Effect of temperature on VOC emissions and odor from vehicle carpet

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from carpets deteriorate the air quality in the confined vehicle interior. The wide range of temperatures experienced by vehicle carpets impacts VOC and odor emissions, affecting the physical and mental health of occupants. We investigated the VOC emissions and odor characteristics of vehicle carpets at 25, 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. An approach was developed for simultaneous objective sampling and subjective evaluation in a 1 m3 chamber with controlled temperature, humidity, and ventilation. Sensory panelists were screened and trained to evaluate the odor intensity, preference, and type. The emitted VOC types and concentrations increased with temperature; there were 4.5 times more VOC types at 60 °C than at 25 °C. The emission of aromatic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, acids, esters, and ketones significantly increased with temperature. The interaction between odorants affected odor characteristics at the four temperatures; the dominant odors were plastic-like and stinky at 25 °C, rubber- and leather-like at 40 and 50 °C, and aroma at 60 °C. Further quantitative and qualitative exploration of substances, odors, and health effects from carpet emissions at different temperatures could help improve the vehicle environment.