The role of different dopants of Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport material on the stability of perovskite solar cells: A mini review

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated rapid advancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) in recent years, reaching 25.7% within a decade. However, the stability of PSCs lags behind in comparison, with short lifetimes being a major obstacle to commercialization. The various layers and interfaces within PSCs play a significant role in both PCE and stability. Spiro-OMeTAD is the most common hole-transport material (HTM) used in PSCs with n-i-p configuration, due to its high performance. However, Spiro-OMeTAD's bulky structure leads to low hole mobility and conductivity, making it an inefficient hole transporter. Doping Spiro-OMeTAD with specific organic and inorganic materials can increase PCE, but also introduces side effects on PSC stability. This review focuses on the effects of dopants on the stability of PSCs using Spiro-OMeTAD HTM and offers suggestions for enhancing PSC stability through dopant engineering for the eventual commercialization of PSCs.