Hierarchical and reconfigurable interfibrous interface of bioinspired Bouligand structure enabled by moderate orderliness

Introducing natural Bouligand structure into synthetics is expected to develop high-performance structural materials. Interfibrous interface is critical to load transfer, and mechanical functionality of bioinspired Bouligand structure yet receives little attention. Here, we propose one kind of hierarchical and reconfigurable interfibrous interface based on moderate orderliness to mechanically reinforce bioinspired Bouligand structure. The interface imparted by moderate alignment of adaptable networked nanofibers hierarchically includes nanofiber interlocking and hydrogen-bonding (HB) network bridging, being expected to facilitate load transfer and structural stability through dynamic adjustment in terms of nanofiber sliding and HB breaking-reforming. As one demonstration, the hierarchical and reconfigurable interfibrous interface is constructed based on moderate alignment of networked bacterial cellulose nanofibers. We show that the resultant bioinspired Bouligand structural material exhibits unusual strengthening and toughening mechanisms dominated by interface-microstructure multiscale coupling. The proposed interfibrous interface enabled by moderate orderliness would provide mechanical insight into the assembly of widely existing networked nanofiber building blocks toward high-performance macroscopic bioinspired structural assemblies.