A platelet-rich fibrin loaded microneedle patch for pressure injury repair

investigations demonstrate the sustained release of endogenous growth factors, significantly promoting human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration, angiogenesis, and fibroblast proliferation. In a PI rat model, PHMNs significantly facilitated wound healing. On the 11th day, the wound healing rate of the PHMN group reached 98.3%, which was significantly higher than that of the other experimental groups. Immunohistochemical analysis confirms upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), indicating augmented angiogenesis. This study shows that PHMNs have great potential for applications in chronic wound management.