Flexible Thermoelectric Devices with Flexible Heatsinks of Phase-Change Materials and Stretchable Interconnectors of Semi-Liquid Metals

Flexible thermoelectric (TE) devices offer great potential for wearable thermal management and self-powered systems, but heat dissipation and electrical interconnection remain key challenges. In this study, we address these issues by integrating flexible TE devices with phase-change material (PCM) heatsinks and stretchable semi-liquid metal (semi-LM) interconnectors. The effectiveness of PCMs with varying melting points for temperature regulation in different environmental conditions is demonstrated, delivering cooling effects exceeding 10 °C. Furthermore, the utilization of semi-LMs instead of LMs enables excellent stretchability and efficient heat dissipation. Moreover, the TE devices generate power with a density of 7.3 μW/cm2 at an ambient temperature of 22 °C, making it an ideal power source for a wearable self-powered sensing system. Successful integration into garments and armbands confirms the practicality and adaptability of these flexible thermoelectric devices, establishing them as critical components for future wearables with superior resilience to daily wear and tear.