Babesia in North America

Canine babesiosis results from infection of 1 of 5 identified protozoal species in the United States ( Babesia conradae , Babesia sp. “coco,” Babesia gibsoni , Babesia vogeli , and Babesia vulpes ). They are part of the Apicomplexa family of protozoa and are obligate intraerythrocytic parasites. Domestic and wild canids are suspected of being intermediate hosts. This updated article aims to provide practical guidance about the clinical manifestations of disease, treatment options, and outcomes. In addition, the authors hope to provide some clarity about the taxonomy and nomenclature of these organisms, as they have undergone multiple changes since their initial discovery.