Novel High‐Throughput Electrochemical Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Cereus, or Micrococcus Luteus Using AuNPs@Ti3C2Tz Functionalized with Sandwich Peptides

-coated 16-GDEs, sensitive biosensors for gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, or Micrococcus luteus) are constructed and validated in fresh-water samples by spiking with bacteria, which showed linear correlations between normalized peak current and logarithmic concentrations of the target bacteria (adjusted R-square ≥ 0.93). A single high-throughput platform containing biosensors for S. aureus, M. luteus, or B. cereus is also developed, exhibiting specific responses without any cross-reactivity in real samples. This platform enabled sensitive simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in environmental samples (500 CFU mL⁻¹) and can be applied to detect any target analyte with a suitable peptide pair. The strategy is to implement a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) adaptive sensing device to successfully detect gram-positive bacteria. The nanocomposite-enabled electrochemical biosensor platform on 16-GDEs offers a valuable tool for environmental and clinical diagnostics.