Storage Mechanism and Structural Design of High-Performance Renewable Hydrogen Storage Materials Derived from Biomass-Based Porous Carbon: A Mini-Review

The continuous use of fossil energy will lead to a severe energy crisis. Hydrogen is a potential alternative energy due to its renewability, high energy density, and low emissions. However, hydrogen energy faces a huge challenge in terms of storage. Biomass-based porous carbon (BBPC) has attracted much attention owing to its advantages of wide sources and excellent pore structure with low manufacturing costs. This review focuses on recent advances in the application of BBPC in hydrogen storage, particularly performance enhancement methods. Based on the analysis of hydrogen storage mechanisms in BBPC materials, the preparation methods for hydrogen storage in recent years have been systematically reviewed. The strategies to improve hydrogen storage performance on BBPC materials are discussed in detail, including heteroatom doping, metal atomic modification, and multicomponent composite design. Finally, the challenges and future development of BBPC in hydrogen storage applications are summarized.