Phototriggered Cytotoxicity of Ferrocene-Based Micelles – A Nonconventional Approach to Phototherapy

We report the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of stimuli-responsive nanoscale micelles that can be activated by light to induce a cytotoxic effect. Micelles were assembled from amphiphilic units made of a photoactivatable ferrocenyl linker, connected on one side to a lipophilic chain, and on the other side to a hydrophilic pegylated chain. In vitro experiments indicated that pristine micelles ("off" state) were nontoxic to MCF-7 cancer cells, even at high concentrations, but became potent upon photoactivation ("on" state). The illumination process led to the dissociation of the micelles and the concomitant release of iron species, triggering cytotoxicity.