A multiscale electrochemo-mechanical model of porous electrode in lithium-ion batteries: The coupling of reaction and finite deformation

In this study, we present a novel multiscale electrochemo-mechanical model for porous electrodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Building upon the theory of finite deformation and the pseudo-two-dimensional framework introduced by Doyle et al. (Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 140, 6(1993)), our model incorporates the interaction between particle deformation and multiscale electrochemical processes, which has been lacking in previous research. The model is validated by the rate performance tests on SiO-based electrodes. By utilizing the model, we analyze the coupling effects among reaction distribution, porosity variation, and local geometrical distortion of the electrode at high current rates. We also investigate the relative importance of different electrochemo-mechanical coupling paths for materials with large volume expansion ratios. Comparing the comprehensive model with simplified versions, we find that diffusion stress is a priority due to its significant impact on ionic diffusion within particles. Porosity variation becomes equally significant at high current rates, as ionic transport in the electrolyte becomes the rate-limiting step. This work contributes to enhance understanding of the interplay between electrochemical and mechanical phenomena in LIB electrodes, especially for silicon-based materials.