Caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis lespedezae through an OSMAC approach

Two new caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes pestalotiopsins U and V ( 1 and 2 ) and three known compounds pestalotiopsin B ( 7 ), pestaloporinate B ( 8 ), and pestalotiopsin C ( 9 ) were isolated by the cultivation of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis lespedezae on solid rice medium, while four additional new caryophyllene pestalotiopsins W–Z ( 3 – 6 ) were obtained when 3.5% NaI was added to the fungal culture medium. The structures of the new compounds were determined by HRESIMS and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance data. Compounds 1 – 9 were tested for cytotoxicity against the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y, but only 6 displayed significant activity with an IC 50 value of 2.4 μM.