GABA as a functional ingredient: current research on biosynthesis, analytical methods, and health benefits

Abstract The development of functional ingredients in food, dietary supplements, and other sectors plays a crucial role in advancing global health and wellness initiatives. γ -Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a natural non-protein amino acid and a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, exhibits various physiological effects, such as anti-aging, blood pressure reduction, and kidney function improvement. GABA holds significant potential for applications in areas such as food, medicine, and animal feed. However, the development and application of GABA products are still in the early research stages globally, with notable advancements in regions such as Europe, North America, and Japan. This review provides a detailed discussion of the progress in GABA preparation, detection techniques, and physiological functions, offering valuable insights for future research and application of GABA worldwide.