Absorption‐Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials: from Microstructure to Multi‐Scale Assembly

Abstract The development of high‐performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is highly important for constructing a green electromagnetic (EM) environment. Currently, EMI shielding materials generally attain high shielding effectiveness (SE) by boosting conductivity, but this often increases EM wave reflection, causing secondary pollution. In contrast, absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials primarily absorb and dissipate EM waves, thereby mitigating issues related to secondary pollution. While current research has advanced in terms of balancing high EM reflection and improving EM absorption properties, studies on the construction of stable absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials by introducing functional nanofillers or optimizing the structure of high‐conductivity matrices are still relatively scarce. Herein, the research progress of absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials is systematically reviewed, and the evaluation criteria of such materials are identified. On the basis of multimodule design strategies, such as conductive matrix selection, magnetic‐dielectric filler composites, and microstructure construction, an effective way to construct high‐efficiency absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials via multi‐scale assembly technology is discussed. Finally, the design strategies and associated challenges of absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials are examined. This review seeks to offer systematic theoretical guidance for ongoing research in this field and to advance the development of high‐performance absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials.