Carbon quantum dots anchored on the anti-reflection silica layer as solid luminescence down-shifting materials in solar panel encapsulation

Using the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of light to enhance the output of encapsulated solar panels will promote the wider use of solar power. In this work, fluorescent carbon quantum dots anchored on porous silica film with preferable yellow/orange emission were prepared via solvothermal fabrication, the sol-gel method, and coating onto the top glass of a solar panel in sequence. Structural evolution investigations, optical characterizations, and performance evaluations were carried out to demonstrate the anchoring effects. The film was dual-functional due to its inclusion of anti-reflection (AR) and luminescence down-shifting (LDS) materials. This solid material provided a better means of solar panel encapsulation and achieved electrical gain, as the anchoring effect avoided the dispersion of LDS materials inside the encapsulation. Placing the film on top of the solar panel could guarantee the best UV absorption/conversion for LDS. In conclusion, the inclusion of a new fluorescent material was compatible with the standard AR process of photovoltaic glass with no additional cost.