Biomechanics of Running

Human locomotion evolves from a profusion of interrelated mechanical minutiae, and it attains its greatest perfection in the smooth, even, graceful running gait of the trained athlete. Each body segment contributes to this final pattern. Individually, each lower extremity may be considered as a system of articulated levers which are acted on by the dynamic force of muscles, the kinetic force of the forward moving body, and the static forces of gravity and ground reaction. Together, they present a complex series of interrelated physical phenomena undergoing a constant flux with each change of position. The synchronous motions of the trunk and upper extremities aid in the balance and rhythm of forward progression by constantly positioning the body's center of gravity where it can be used most effectively. Fortunately, human evolution has streamlined the mechanical structures of the body to attain running speed and still provide stability which is essential if