Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Modeling of Nailed Connections in Wood

A three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element model of single nail connection was developed based on transversely isotropic plasticity. In order to have the connection model account for crushing behavior of wood during the nail embedment, a procedure was studied to implement the theory of a beam on a nonlinear foundation in the solid element modeling. Within a prescribed volume of wood surrounding a nail, a wood foundation was defined with the foundation material parameters, which were determined through nail-embedment tests. Introduction of the wood foundation to the connection model was justified by comparing the results of nail-embedment simulations with or without a wood foundation. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses of single nail connections incorporated with wood foundations were compared with the results of lateral resistance tests of the connections under parallel to grain loading and perpendicular to grain loading. The model predictions showed good agreement with the load-slip relations and the actual deformed shapes of the connections.