Objective To explore the relationship between content of serum iron,ferritin,in and out cells with anemia.Methods Through colorimetric method,radioimmunity method,Prussian blue reaction method,the content was determined in 186 cases with anemia.Results The concentration of serum iron increased in acute,chronic leukanemia,aplastic anemia,sideroblastic anemia,hemolytic anemia,megaloblastic anemia and decreased in renal anemia,liver anemia,iron deficiency anemia,tumor anemia and MDS RA.Ferritin increased mainly in acute,chronic leukanemia,sideroblastic anemia,tumour anemia and MDS RA.Iron particles in and out cells decreased and out cell iron disapperared chiefly in iron deficiency anemia and renal anemia.Conclusion Such determination can represent the storage level and use level of organic iron;with malignant tumor or quick reproduction of other cells,cell may greatly synthesize ferritin.