Influence of mineral nutrition on yields and quality of soybean varieties

Purpose. To study the effect of mineral nutrition on yields and quality of soybean varieties.Material and methods. The basic field experiments were carried out in the Department of Plant Production and Variety Investigation of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine in 2016–2018. Soil – deep weakly leached granular chernozem. The experimental data were statistically processed by analysis of variance.Result and discussion. The period of 2016–2018 had rather difficult weather conditions for the growth and development of soybean compared to the multi-year average. It was characterized by water deficit during the crucial phases (anthesis, grain setting and filling), especially in combination with high air temperatures.Varieties ES Mentor, ES Senator, Muza, Oleksandryt, Krasunia tended to give rather high yields due to the natural fertility of soil without fertilizers. Over 2.00 t/ha of seeds were obtained. The seed yields of other soybean varieties under these conditions ranged from 1.28 t/ha in variety Pysanka to 1.93 t/ha in variety Melodiia.On organic mineral nutrition, the highest yields were produced by the same varieties as in the control and by variety Korada (2.04–2.44 t/ha). The yields of other varieties on such mineral nutrition ranged 1.18 t/ha in variety Sloboda to 1.91 t/ha in varieties Adamos and Raiduha.During the study period, the maximum protein collection was from ES Mentor - 1.727 t/ha in the control and 1.650 t/ha with application of 30 t/ha of manure + N30P60K60 as the basic fertilizer. The protein collection was sufficiently high (1.503 t/ha and 1.060 t/ha) from ES Senator, when it was grown on the respective mineral nutrition backgrounds.Conclusions. In 2016–2018, the average yield of soybean was 1.82 t/ha, with fluctuations from 1.18 t/ha to 2.44 t/ha, depending on the experimental factors. ES Mentor (2.38 t/ha), ES Senator (2.23 t ha), Oleksandryt (2.14 t/ha), and Muza (2.11 t/ha) gave the highest yields. ES Mentor, ES Senator, Muza, Oleksandryt, and Krasunia tended to give rather high yields due to the natural fertility of the soil, without fertilizers - more than 2.00 t/ha of seeds.The maximum protein collection of 1.727 t/ha in the control and of 1.650 t/ha with application of 30 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60 as the basic fertilizer was from ES Mentor; sufficiently high (1.503 t/ha and 1.06 t/ha, respectively) this parameter was in ES Senator.Thus, it is recommended to grow soybean varieties ES Mentor, ES Senator, Krasunia, and Oleksandryt, which produce 1.401 – 1.717 t/ha of protein.