Paraburkholderia acidiphila sp. nov., Paraburkholderia acidisoli sp. nov. and Burkholderia guangdongensis sp. nov., isolated from forest soil, and reclassification of Burkholderia ultramafica as Paraburkholderia ultramafica comb. nov.

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains, 7Q-K02 T , DHF22 T and DHOM02 T , were isolated from forest soil sampled at Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. Strains 7Q-K02 T , DHF22 T and DHOM02 T grew at 4–37, 4–42 and 12–37 °C, pH 3.0–8.5, 3.5–8.5 and 5.0–8.0, and in the presence of 0–3.0, 0–3.5 and 0–2.5 % (w/v) NaCl; with optima at 28–33, 28 and 28–33 °C, pH 3.5–6.5, 4.0–5.5 and 6.5–7.0, and 0–1.5, 0–1.5 and 0.5–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl, respectively. Strains 7Q-K02 T and DHF22 T have the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.0 and 98.0 % to Paraburkholderia sacchari LMG 19450 T and 97.7 % between themselves, while strain DHOM02 T shares the highest similarity of 98.4 % to ‘ Burkholderia rinojensis’ A396 T followed by 98.3 % to Burkholderia plantarii ATCC 43733 T . In the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogram, strain 7Q-K02 T formed a sister branch with Paraburkholderia sacchari , Paraburkholderia oxyphila and Paraburkholderia paradisi , and strain DHF22 T was separated from all other species within the genus Paraburkholderia , while strain DHOM02 T formed a separated clade with members of the genus Burkholderia . The DNA G+C contents of strains 7Q-K02 T , DHF22 T and DHOM02 T wwe 64.3, 65.4 and 66.6 %, respectively. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of strains 7Q-K02 T , DHF22 T and closely related Paraburkholderia strains were in the ranges of 25.5–43.7 % and 81.5–91.3 %, respectively. While dDDH and ANI values between strain DHOM02 T and Burkholderia strains with genome sequence data were in the ranges of 22.4–31.0 % and 78.2–86.1 %, respectively. These three strains have the same major respiratory quinone: ubiquinone-8. Strains 7Q-K02 T , DHF22 T and DHOM02 T have C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 0 cyclo, C 19 : 0 cyclo ω 8 c and summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1 ω 7 c /C 18 : 1 ω 6 c ) as their major fatty acid compositions. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic analyses and chemotaxonomic data, strains 7Q-K02 T and DHF22 T represent two novel species of the genus Paraburkholderia , for which the names Paraburkholderia acidiphila sp. nov. (type strain 7Q-K02 T =CGMCC 1.15433 T =KCTC 62472 T =LMG 29209 T ) and Paraburkholderia acidisoli sp. nov. (type strain DHF22 T =GDMCC 1.1448 T =LMG 30262 T ) are proposed, while strain DHOM02 T represents a novel species in the genus Burkholderia , for which the name Burkholderia guangdongensis sp. nov. (type strain DHOM02 T =KCTC 42625 T =LMG 28843 T ) is proposed. We also propose to transfer Burkholderia ultramafica to the genus Paraburkholderia as Paraburkholderia ultramafica comb. nov. based mainly on the results of phylogenomic analysis.