Optically controlled terahertz modulator by liquid-exfoliated multilayer WS_2 nanosheets

-Si sample also achieves ~80% modulation depth under 450 nm illumination, indicating its ability to operate under either of wavelength in visible spectra. Moreover, we compare the sample to the reported modulators including CVD growth TMDCs-Si ones and find our sample has comparable modulation effects while is much easy to be prepared. Therefore, we believe our work is meaningful to provide an alternative route to achieve effective modulation of THz waves by adopting liquid-exfoliated 2D materials.