Reliable Exfoliation of Large-Area High-Quality Flakes of Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials

石墨烯 材料科学 剥脱关节 基质(水族馆) 单层 拉曼光谱 产量(工程) 纳米技术 Crystal(编程语言) 图层(电子) 石墨烯泡沫 复合材料 氧化石墨烯纸 光学 地质学 物理 海洋学 程序设计语言 计算机科学
作者
Yuan Huang,Eli Sutter,Norman Nan Shi,Jiabao Zheng,Tianzhong Yang,Dirk Englund,Hong‐Jun Gao,Peter Sutter
出处
期刊:ACS Nano [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:9 (11): 10612-10620 被引量:616
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.5b04258
摘要

Mechanical exfoliation has been a key enabler of the exploration of the properties of two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, by providing routine access to high-quality material. The original exfoliation method, which remained largely unchanged during the past decade, provides relatively small flakes with moderate yield. Here, we report a modified approach for exfoliating thin monolayer and few-layer flakes from layered crystals. Our method introduces two process steps that enhance and homogenize the adhesion force between the outermost sheet in contact with a substrate: Prior to exfoliation, ambient adsorbates are effectively removed from the substrate by oxygen plasma cleaning, and an additional heat treatment maximizes the uniform contact area at the interface between the source crystal and the substrate. For graphene exfoliation, these simple process steps increased the yield and the area of the transferred flakes by more than 50 times compared to the established exfoliation methods. Raman and AFM characterization shows that the graphene flakes are of similar high quality as those obtained in previous reports. Graphene field-effect devices were fabricated and measured with back-gating and solution top-gating, yielding mobilities of ∼4000 and 12,000 cm(2)/(V s), respectively, and thus demonstrating excellent electrical properties. Experiments with other layered crystals, e.g., a bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BSCCO) superconductor, show enhancements in exfoliation yield and flake area similar to those for graphene, suggesting that our modified exfoliation method provides an effective way for producing large area, high-quality flakes of a wide range of 2D materials.
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