[Expert consensus on intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2021 edition)].

Bladder cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. In 2022, China is estimated to have approximately 92,900 new cases of bladder cancer, including about 73,200 cases in males and 19,700 cases in females. It is projected that around 41,400 deaths will be attributed to bladder cancer, with about 32,500 deaths among males and 8,800 among females. With 75% of bladder cancers being non-muscle invasive and having a high recurrence rate after surgery. Intravesical therapy is a useful method to either directly kill tumor cells by infusing cytotoxic drugs into the bladder, or directly or indirectly induce local immune responses of the body by infusing immune agents, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and thus reduce the risk of tumor recurrence and progression. In 2021, the Urological Chinese Oncology Group issued the "Expert consensus on intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2021 edition)", Since then, great progress has been achieved domestically and abroad, including refined assessment of bacillus calmette-guérin (BCG) failure disease, optimized intravesical strategies for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, and the clinical application of novel intravesical agents. This updated consensus synthesizes the latest evidence-based data with current Chinese clinical practice and experience. Building upon the "Expert consensus on intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2021 edition)", it offers contemporary guidance for the standardized management of intravesical therapy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer within China.