Space weather and cosmic ray effects

In this chapter, we consider the possible effects of cosmic rays and other space factors on the Earth's climate change. It is well known that many internal and external factors influencing the Earth's climate are variable, unstable, and nonlinear (for example, decreasing the Earth's temperature leads to an increase of snow and the decreasing of the solar energy input into the system, which leads to a further decrease in the Earth's temperature; increasing of cosmic rays intensity leads to increasing of atmosphere ionization and possible increasing cloudiness and precipitation, and so on). From this, it follows that even energetically small factors may have a major influence on climate change. From our point of view, cosmic rays and cosmic dust, through their influence on cloudiness, are important factors in understanding climate change.