Biomass‐derived Carbon Quantum Dots – A Review. Part 2: Application in Batteries

Abstract The utility of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) based electrodes prepared from biomass has drawn the attention of the scientists and industrialists due to their structural diversities, tuneable physical or chemical properties, and economical, environmental, and social considerations. As the raw material for the production of CQDs is abundantly available in nature at low‐cost any technological know‐how is bound to be sustainable. These carbon quantum dots with porous structure have ideal architecture, physicochemical properties, amenability for doping with heteroatoms, good electrical conductivity thus making them very attractive for electrochemical energy storage. In this paper, application potentialities of various metal ion batteries (Li + , Na + , K + , Al 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) using nanostructured carbon materials, Columbic efficiency, cyclic ability, reversible discharge capacity, current density, dimensional effects and cost considerations are brought into close focus.