Toxoplasma gondii could have a possible role in the cancer mechanism by modulating the host's cell response

• Toxoplasma gondii, a neurotropic protozoan parasite, generates a life-long inflammation in brain of host. • Parasites manipulates many signaling pathways to achieve persistence in host cells. • Many of the genes and molecular signaling pathways regulated by parasites are common with the essential mechanisms in cancer. • Parasite may stimulate the development of some solid cancer while inhibiting hematological cancer. • T. gondii, may also have a strong immune-stimulant effects against cancer. Toxoplasma gondii , which manipulates many signaling pathways to achieve persistence in host cells, is intimately linked to immune and inflammation responses . However, there is still lack of information about the impact of T. gondii on cellular and immune responses. This study was designed to seek the impact of T. gondii infection causing life-long inflammation in brain, on cancer mechanism. To identify molecular effects of the T. gondii and understand the association between the functional perturbations occurring during infection and cancer development, the transcriptomic datasets obtained mice infected with T. gondii were downloaded from GEO. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functional enrichment analysis was performed using IPA platform, then all results were evaluated with comparison analyses. Subsequently, a T. gondii infection model with human neuroepithelioma cell culture was performed in order to validate top DEGs participated in common networks/pathways in cancer mechanism. Transcriptomic analyses of infected mice and in vitro cell culture model revealed a strong immune response and inflammation occurred by parasite-induced damage and parasite-associated immunopathology in host cell and tissue. T. gondii infection could modulate certain signaling pathways of host, which were also common to those perturbed in carcinogenesis. Interestingly, the network analysis of the data sets predicted an activation in development of solid cancer vice versa inhibition in hematological cancer during T. gondii infection. Parasite might also control the tumor growth due to its potent immune-stimulant effects. As result, T. gondii infection generating a continual inflammation in tissues might potentially contribute to cancer development by regulating critical host signaling pathways or reveal an anti-tumoral activity.