Dynamics of soil bacteria and fungi communities of dry land for 8 years with soil conservation management

Microorganisms play an important role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. This experiment studied the conservation management approaches [control without fertilizer (CK); fertilizer and different mulching based straw mulching (SM), plastic mulching (PM), ridge-furrow with plastic mulching (RFPFM), and green manure (GM)] effects on the soil microbial community structures in spring corn (Zea Mayis) dry land. The results showed that the bacterial phylum mainly included Proteobacteria (28.2%–36.8%), Acidobacteriota (9.1%–17.9%), Bacteroidota (5.6%–8.9%) and Actinobacteria (3.1–6.2%). The most richness fungal components were Ascomycota (35.2%–44.2%), Basidiomycota (3.3%–12%) and Mortierellomycota (3.4%–6.6%). Additionally, the highest Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes of bacteria (2931.9 and 2953.7) and fungi (1083.316 and 1100.650) were present in RFPFM that indicating the richest microbial abundance, the highest Shannon and Simpson indexes was exist in PM (9.332 and 0.996) for bacteria and RFPFM (6.753 and 0.974) for fungi. Therefore, this study reveals the conservation management of fertilizer addition and mulching management obviously promoted microbial diversity and altered the superior microbial distribution that provides a potential way for agricultural sustainable management approaches in production practice during circular economy.