A pure molecular drug hydrogel for post-surgical cancer treatment

Local drug delivery systems, especially hydrogels, show superior strengths in postoperative recurrence prevention. Despite great advances, clinical translation of the hydrogels has been largely restricted as these drug delivery systems generally require chemical modification or additional carrier molecules to form hydrogels, which results in side effects correlative with local inflammation and systemic toxicity. Here, we developed a pure molecular anticancer drug hydrogel that reduced post-surgical tumor recurrence. The macroscopic pure molecular hydrogel was generated via ultrasonication of anticancer drug raltitrexed in aqueous solution, which was facile and environmentally friendly without involving chemical synthesis. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that raltitrexed self-assembled into a nanofibrous hydrogel through hydrogen bond and π-π interaction. Delivered as a hydrogel, raltitrexed could effectively decrease tumor recurrence rate and promote the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. This raltitrexed self-delivery hydrogel has the potential to serve as a powerful auxiliary implement for preventing postoperative local tumor recurrence.