Topological insulators and applications

Due to the nature of graphene-like surface state, topological insulators (TIs) was used for pulsing the laser since 2012. To date, TIs have been realized to be a promising modulator not only for fiber lasers but also for solid state lasers. In this chapter the electronic and optical properties of TIs have been reviewed. The potential of TIs for the implementation of optical and photonic devices has also been reviewed. In addition, the drawback and possible approach for future are discussed as well.