Reaction mechanisms and optimization strategies of manganese-based materials for aqueous zinc batteries

Aqueous rechargeable batteries have been considered as promising candidates to achieve the requirements for the stationary energy storage system. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) due to their merits of low-cost, material abundance, acceptable energy density, and environmental friendliness. The fundamental advances in energy storage of batteries are largely dependent on the electrode materials. Focusing on the recent advances of ARZBs, in this review, the reaction mechanisms, electrochemical performances, and challenges about Mn-based materials for ARZBs are systematically introduced. Meanwhile, the optimization strategies for high-performance Mn-based materials with different nanostructures, morphologies, and compositions for ARZBs are discussed as well. This paper combining reviews and perspectives of Mn-based electrodes may shed light on the development of advanced aqueous zinc batteries.