类有机物
计算机科学
微流控
纳米技术
接口
三维细胞培养
多电极阵列
微电极
神经科学
计算机硬件
材料科学
细胞培养
化学
生物
遗传学
电极
物理化学
作者
Deepa Patel,Shreshtha Shetty,Carlos Enrique,Itzy E. Morales Pantoja,Ansha Zhao,Dileep George,David H. Gracias
标识
DOI:10.1002/adhm.202302456
摘要
Abstract Brain organoids are three‐dimensional aggregates of self‐organized differentiated stem cells that mimic the structure and function of human brain regions. Organoids bridge the gaps between conventional drug screening models such as planar mammalian cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials. They can revolutionize the fields of developmental biology, neuroscience, toxicology, and computer engineering. Conventional microinstrumentation for conventional cellular engineering, such as planar microfluidic chips; microelectrode arrays (MEAs); and optical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques, has limitations when applied to three‐dimensional (3D) organoids, primarily due to their limits with inherently two‐dimensional geometry and interfacing. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new instrumentation compatible with live cell culture techniques and with scalable 3D formats relevant to organoids. This review discusses conventional planar approaches and emerging 3D microinstrumentation necessary for advanced organoid–machine interfaces. Specifically, this article surveys recently developed microinstrumentation, including 3D printed and curved microfluidics, 3D and fast‐scan optical techniques, buckling and self‐folding MEAs, 3D interfaces for electrochemical measurements, and 3D spatially controllable magnetic and acoustic technologies relevant to two‐way information transfer with brain organoids. This article highlights key challenges that must be addressed for robust organoid culture and reliable 3D spatiotemporal information transfer.
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