New Insights in Enhancing the Phosphorus Use Efficiency using Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms and Their Role in Cropping System

Phosphorus stands as a vital nutrient crucial for plant growth, demanding efficient utilization for sustainable agricultural practices. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) have surfaced as promising allies in enhancing phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) within cropping systems. This review encapsulates recent insights into the essential role of PSMs in bolstering PUE and their influence on cropping systems. We discuss the mechanisms through which PSMs facilitate the solubilization of insoluble phosphates in the soil, rendering them accessible for plant uptake. PSMs exhibit the capacity to produce organic acids, enzymes, and siderophores, which aid in releasing phosphorus from soil minerals, thus amplifying their availability to plants. Additionally, we explore the symbiotic relationships between PSMs and plants, elucidating how PSMs foster plant growth and development by generating plant growth-promoting hormones, countering pathogens through antibiosis, and enhancing stress tolerance. Harnessing the potential of PSMs emerges as a promising avenue to combat phosphorus deficiency and foster sustainable agricultural practices.