Theoretical analysis of epsilon-near-zero/surface plasmon polariton modes based on the graphene-black phosphorus heterostructure

We theoretically investigate the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ)/surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) modes based on graphene-black phosphorus heterostructure. In the proposed hybrid graphene-black phosphorus structure, ENZ mode of black phosphorus and GSP can be simultaneously stimulated and take into effect. The enhanced optical field confinement induced by ENZ mode of black phosphorus and extended propagation distance induced by the surface plasmon polariton mode of graphene can be both obtained within the proposed graphene-black phosphorus heterostructure. The simulation results show that the figure of merit of the hybridized structure outperforms that of graphene or black phosphorus-based structures. It also reveals that the doping density of black phosphorus and the chemical potential of graphene would both contribute to the results of optical field confinement and propagation distance, and may lead to the tunable optimized working wavelength in the mid-infrared range (MIR). Our work may extend to design the opto-electro devices based on the hybridized 2D materials in the future nanophotonics.