Royal Jelly Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Diabetic Wound Healing via Inflammation Modulation, Fibroblast Migration, and Angiogenesis

These findings indicate that RJEVs facilitate diabetic wound healing through the coordinated regulation of fibroblast function, immune modulation, and angiogenesis. This study introduces a nature-derived, non-mammalian extracellular vesicle platform with translational potential for chronic wound management in diabetes, offering a biocompatible and multifaceted therapeutic alternative to conventional approaches.