Recent Advances in Ammonia Decomposition for Hydrogen Production: Methods, Mechanisms, and Trends in Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts

Abstract With the global transition toward a sustainable energy landscape, hydrogen energy has emerged as a pivotal solution due to its renewability and zero‐carbon emissions, offering a promising alternative to fossil fuels. In recent years, ammonia (NH 3 ) decomposition for hydrogen (H 2 ) production has gained significant attention due to its cost‐effectiveness, high efficiency, high purity, zero‐carbon footprint, and excellent storage and transportability, leading to notable advancements in hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization. This review systematically summarizes the primary methods and underlying reaction mechanisms of ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production, encompassing thermocatalytic decomposition, ammonia oxidation decomposition, non‐thermal plasma‐catalyzed decomposition, electrocatalytic decomposition, and photocatalytic decomposition. Furthermore, this review highlights the latest advancements in photocatalysts and electrocatalysts for ammonia decomposition, with a particular focus on the key factors influencing their catalytic performance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the development of ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production and to offer effective strategies for catalyst optimization and process improvement, thereby facilitating the further advancement and practical application of this technology.