Material-structure-property integrated additive manufacturing of batteries

3D printing is a versatile technology that can be used to print a wide variety of complex-shaped structures with robust flexibility and ordered morphology at a low cost and in a short time. However, the challenges of printing the materials-structures and properties continue to limit this unexplored field from being commercialized on a large scale. This review focuses on battery additive manufacturing (AM) for energy storage applications. The most recent advances in emerging 3D printed batteries are highlighted and explained, including the most widely used ink extrusion-based 3D printing technology for fabricating battery components. Then, it highlights the significant achievements and status of 3D printed batteries and potential research approaches for battery advancement using material-structure-property integrated AM technology. According to the most recent literature on 3D printed batteries, the electrochemical performance of batteries is directly related to printed material-structure-property integrated AM. The performance differences between 3D printed electrodes and conventionally fabricated ones are compared. With the continued development of 3D printed electrodes, it is expected that the identified challenges of materials priming, structure, and properties will be further explored. Alternative outcomes of material-structure-property integrated AM of batteries will emerge in this research field. As a result, 3D printed batteries with low cost and increased durability, safety, and efficiency are expected in future energy storage devices.