Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (Huai NiuXi) and Cyathula officinalis Kuan (Chuan NiuXi): ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of two frequently used traditional Chinese medicine

Abstract Objectives The roots of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (ABB) and Cyathula officinalis Kuan (COK) are the main medicinal parts in traditional Chinese applications and are often used as a substitutes for each other in specific prescriptions. This article systematically reviews the research progress of ABB and COK in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Through comparative analysis, the commonalities and characteristics of the two are clarified. Based on the existing research results of ABB, the aim is to promote research on the pharmacological mechanism of COK and provide a scientific basis for its clinical application. Methods ABB and COK data were collected from publicly available scientific databases, such as PubMed, CNKI, The Plant List, SpringerLink, and so on. Key findings ABB and COK can be substituted for each other in traditional medicine. Research in phytochemistry has found that the two have a large number of similar chemical components, and modern pharmacology has also found that ABB and COK can treat the same diseases. Conclusions ABB and COK have similar pharmacological activities, but there are relatively few pharmacological studies on COK. Based on ABB, it can provide valuable information for the study of COK, which is of great significance for its drug development and clinical research of COK. Highlights