Advances in fluorine-containing materials for sample preparation in the food field

Because food contaminants pose a serious threat to food safety, their accurate detection is particularly crucial. Sample preparation plays an increasingly important role in the analysis and detection of contaminants. The enrichment efficiency of the target analyte and the removal effect of the sample matrix are highly dependent on the adsorption material. Some emerging materials, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and other porous materials used as adsorbents, have attracted increasing research interest in sample preparation because they enhance the analytical performance of many existing sample preparation techniques or allow the development of new ones. Among emerging materials, fluorine-containing materials have been developed for sample preparation because of their special physical and chemical properties resulting from the fluorine element with strong electronegativity. Introducing fluorine into organic compounds can improve the chemical and thermal stability of adsorbent materials in the field of sample preparation. This review provides an overview of the main preparation strategies for fluorine-containing materials and introduces some of the latest examples of their analytical applications in food sample preparation (including beverage and drinking water samples) from 2019 to date. In addition, the challenges and prospects of fluorine-containing materials in food sample preparation are discussed.