标准化
流式细胞术
细胞外小泡
校准
细胞仪
可比性
计算机科学
纳米技术
生物系统
化学
生化工程
环境科学
材料科学
生物
统计
分子生物学
数学
细胞生物学
工程类
组合数学
操作系统
作者
Britta Bettin,Zoltán Varga,Rienk Nieuwland,Edwin van der Pol
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jtha.2023.04.042
摘要
Concentrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in body fluids are being explored as disease biomarkers. Most laboratories use flow cytometry to characterize single EVs at high throughput. A flow cytometer (FCM) detects light scattering and fluorescence intensities of EVs. However, detection of EVs by flow cytometry is complicated for 2 reasons. First, EVs are small and have weak light scattering and fluorescence signals compared to cells and are, therefore, hard to detect. Second, FCMs differ in sensitivity and provide data in arbitrary units, which complicates data interpretation. Due to the mentioned challenges, the measured concentration of EVs by flow cytometry is cumbersome to compare between FCMs and institutes. To improve comparability, standardization and development of traceable reference materials to calibrate all aspects of an FCM are needed, as are interlaboratory comparison studies. Within this article, we will provide an overview of the standardization of EV concentration measurements, including the current effort to introduce robust calibration of FCMs, thereby enabling comparable concentration measurements of EVs, which in turn can be used to establish clinically relevant reference ranges of EV concentrations in blood plasma and other body fluids.
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