An Adaptive Reduced-Order-Modeling Approach for Simulating Real-Time Performances of Li-Ion Battery Systems

In this work, a reduced-order-modeling(ROM) approach is introduced to simulate a battery system with multiple cells. The ROM is described by only two state variable equations and several explicit expressions. While running a stand-alone pseudo-2D (P2D) model by the nonlinear state variable modeling (NSVM) algorithm at a specified current, several parameters can be estimated through the NSVM procedure; and with these parameters, the cell voltage under additional current perturbations can be computed approximately by the ROM. This modeling scheme was tested for a 24P battery module in a co-simulation process: the stand-alone P2D model is solved at the battery-average current to estimate certain parameters to share with its ROM, then the ROM is implemented to evaluate the voltage response of each cell at its respective cell current. The ROM shows excellent accuracy and a much higher speed than the full-order-model with P2D models used for each cell.