Retrospective volume analysis of bone remodeling after tooth extraction with and without deproteinized bovine bone mineral insertion

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze volume changes of post‐extractive sockets grafted with or without deproteinized bovine bone mineral ( DBBM ) and a resorbable barrier. Materials and methods This retrospective analysis utilized patients who had undergone tooth extraction. Sites, one per patient, were allocated to two groups: post‐extractive non‐grafted sockets ( NG ) and post‐extractive grafted sockets with DBBM and resorbable barrier insertion (G). Maximal primary soft tissue closure was sought for both procedures. Before extraction and 6 months later, three‐dimensional features of the sockets (linear indexes, areas, and volumes) and outcome variables at 6 months (volume‐ and surface changes) were acquired through computer tomography scans. Intra‐ and inter‐group comparisons of the outcome variables were performed. Nonparametric tests were applied with a level of significance set at P < 0.01. Results Twenty‐four sites, 9 grafted and 15 ungrafted, were enrolled. Between baseline and the 6‐month evaluation, significant bone volume loss, superior surface shrinkage, and height reduction were registered for the G (72 mm 3 , 76 mm 2 , and 0.5 mm, respectively) and the NG group (274 mm 3 , 87 mm 2 , and 1.8 mm, respectively) with all P ‐values ≤ 0.0039. A significant difference, regarding the percentage of the volume change, was registered between the two procedures with a volume loss of 9.9% for the grafted sockets and 34.8% for the ungrafted ones ( P ‐value = 0.0073). Conclusion Grafting of the sockets with DBBM and a resorbable barrier insertion seemed to reduce negative osseous remodeling in the short term when compared to that of the ungrafted sockets.