供应
社会经济地位
生态系统服务
生态系统
海洋生态系统
环境资源管理
栖息地
地理
生态学
自然资源经济学
环境科学
生物
人口
经济
环境卫生
电信
医学
计算机科学
作者
Kathryn E. Smith,Michael T. Burrows,AJ Hobday,Alex Sen Gupta,Pippa J. Moore,Mads S. Thomsen,Thomas Wernberg,Dan A. Smale
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2021-10-22
卷期号:374 (6566)
被引量:89
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.abj3593
摘要
Extreme climatic events, including marine heatwaves (MHWs), are altering ecosystems globally, often with profound socioeconomic impacts. We examine how MHWs have affected the provision of ecosystem services and evaluate the socioeconomic consequences for human society. Ecological impacts range from harmful algal blooms and mass mortality events to reconfigurations of entire ecosystems, affecting provisioning, habitat, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services globally. Reported economic costs of individual MHW events exceed US$800 million in direct losses or >US$3.1 billion in indirect losses of ecosystem services for multiple years. However, biological responses to MHWs can also increase human-ocean interactions, providing opportunities for coastal societies. Our study provides a global perspective on the far-reaching impacts of MHWs on human societies and highlights the urgent need to develop robust approaches to mitigation and adaptation.
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