Advances reported in the past two decades (1996–2021) in the field of heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenolysis have been reviewed. Due to its practical importance hydrogenolysis remained a major contributor to synthetic, process, industrial, medicinal, and green chemistry. Hydrogenolysis on heterogeneous catalysts is a common process tool in the development of environmentally benign processes. In this chapter the hydrogenolysis of all common CC and C-heteroatom bonds is discussed focusing on CO, CN, C-halogen, CSi, CS bonds; however, the hydrogenolysis of heteroatom-heteroatom bonds, such as NO, NN, or SiO bonds will also be reviewed. At the end of the chapter the hydrogenolysis of biosourced materials is also reviewed.