Phytochemical studies on the roots of Polygala vulgaris

Several Polygala species have been widely used in folk medicine for the cure of mainly neurological disorders. Polygala vulgaris is one of the polyploid species in the flora of Türkiye. The studies on the dried roots of this species resulted in the isolation of seven sucrose mono- and diesters (1–7), a known lignan glycoside, liriodendrin (8), a xanthone O-glycoside, 7-O-β-glucopyranosyloxy-1-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxyxanthone (9), three previously described tetrasaccharide multiesters fallaxoses C, D and senegose G (10–12), three newly described tetrasaccharide multiesters (vulgaroses A, B and C) (13–15) and two known saponins (polygalasaponin XLIV and E-senegasaponin c) (16–17). The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR (¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR, DEPT-135, 1D selective ROESY), 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, TOCSY, HMBC, NOESY, ROESY) and HRMS.