Effects of family-based diabetes self-management education and support programme on support behaviour amongst adults with type 2 diabetes in Western Ethiopia

Support from family and peers may enhance the outcomes of diabetes management. This study reported the preliminary effect of a family-based diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programme on the perceived support status of people with diabetes and the family's caregiver support behaviour amongst dyads living in Western Ethiopia. A 1:1 two-armed pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. A total of 76 dyads were recruited using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. The control group continued the usual care, whereas the intervention group continued the usual care and additionally received a 12-h social cognitive theory (SCT)-guided, family-supported DSMES programme in the community. Generalised estimating equations models were computed to test the preliminary effects of the DSMES programme on the outcomes. P-value < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. The pilot RCT shows a statistically significant between-group difference in the changes in support needed at T1 (d = 0.88) and T2 (d = 1.35) and support received at T1 (d = 0.88) and T2 (d = 1.44). The DSMES programme has outperformed usual care with a medium effect size at T1 (d = 0.54) and a large effect size at T2 (d = 0.97) on the family's supportive behaviour. Although the intervention group was not statistically significant at T1 (d = 0.43), a large effect size was obtained at T2 (d = 0.97) on the family's non-supportive behaviour. A SCT-guided, family-supported DSMES programme produced a promising positive effect on enhancing the support needed and support received from their family/friends, and it also improved the family's supportive behaviour. Thus, family support could be incorporated into DSMES programmes for diabetes management in Western Ethiopia. The trial was registered by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn ); Registration number: ChiCTR2000040292.