Saccharomyces boulardii Alleviates Ovalbumin‐Induced Pyroptosis Through Cyba and IL‐17 Signaling Pathway

Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii), a beneficial yeast probiotic, is effective in treating asthma in children. This study aimed to examine the effects of S. boulardii on Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced pyroptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells. An OVA-induced asthma mouse model was used with S. boulardii as an intervention. S. boulardii alleviated OVA-induced lung tissue pyroptosis and intestinal tissue damage in asthmatic mice. The mRNA sequencing analysis revealed differentially expressed genes, including elevated Cyba levels in the intestinal tissues of the OVA group. However, S. boulardii reduced Cyba levels. Gene Set Enrichment analysis showed the involvement of IL-17 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that S. boulardii inhibited IL-17 signaling pathway in the intestinal and lung tissues. In vitro experiments revealed that IL-17 regulation of ROS production, promoting BEAS-2B cell pyroptosis, required the involvement of Cyba. Moreover, Cyba knockdown inhibited activation of NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes induced by IL-17 in vivo. This study revealed for the first time the important role of Cyba and IL-17 pathways in asthma pathology and demonstrated that S. boulardii exerted its therapeutic effects by modulating these pathways. These findings provided a basis for developing nutrition interventions targeting gut microbiota and immune health.