Electron-Accelerator-Induced Fast Electron Transfer for Enhancing Electrochemiluminescence of Gold Nanoclusters and Its Bioanalysis Application: A Novel Avenue for Developing High-Efficient Emitters

as an emitter and U-like structure-fueled catalytic hairpin assembly (U-CHA) as a signal amplifier for fast and trace analysis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with the detection limit (LOD) down to 2.45 fg/mL, which was 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the previous ECL biosensors with much better stability. This study developed an entirely new avenue for enlarging the ECL performance of metal NCs, and it is a very attractive orientation for directing the reasonable design of prominent metal NC-based ECL emitters and broadening the practical application of metal NCs.