In Situ TEM Experiments of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation of Individual Nanostructures

材料科学 纳米线 纳米技术 纳米材料 纳米结构 阳极 石墨烯 微尺度化学 锂(药物) 纳米颗粒 脆化 电极 复合材料 数学教育 物理化学 内分泌学 化学 医学 数学
作者
Xiao Hua Liu,Yang Liu,Akihiro Kushima,Sulin Zhang,Ting Zhu,Ju Li,Jianyu Huang
出处
期刊:Advanced Energy Materials [Wiley]
卷期号:2 (7): 722-741 被引量:344
标识
DOI:10.1002/aenm.201200024
摘要

Abstract Understanding the microscopic mechanisms of electrochemical reaction and material degradation is crucial for the rational design of high‐performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). A novel nanobattery assembly and testing platform inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been designed, which allows a direct study of the structural evolution of individual nanowire or nanoparticle electrodes with near‐atomic resolution in real time. In this review, recent progresses in the study of several important anode materials are summarized. The consistency between in situ and ex situ results is shown, thereby validating the new in situ testing paradigm. Comparisons between a variety of nanostructures lead to the conclusion that electrochemical reaction and mechanical degradation are material specific, size dependent, and geometrically and compositionally sensitive. For example, a highly anisotropic lithiation in Si is observed, in contrast to the nearly isotropic response in Ge. The Ge nanowires can develop a spongy network, a unique mechanism for mitigating the large volume changes during cycling. The Si nanoparticles show a critical size of ∼150 nm below which fracture is averted during lithiation, and above which surface cracking, rather than central cracking, is observed. In carbonaceous nanomaterials, the lithiated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are drastically embrittled, while few‐layer graphene nanoribbons remain mechanically robust after lithiation. This distinct contrast manifests a strong ‘geometrical embrittlement’ effect as compared to a relatively weak ‘chemical embrittlement’ effect. In oxide nanowires, discrete cracks in ZnO nanowires are generated near the lithiation reaction front, leading to leapfrog cracking, while a mobile dislocation cloud at the reaction front is observed in SnO 2 nanowires. This contrast is corroborated by ab initio calculations that indicate a strong chemical embrittlement of ZnO, but not of SnO 2 , after a small amount of lithium insertion. In metallic nanowires such as Al, delithiation causes pulverization, and the product nanoparticles are held in place by the surface Li‐Al‐O glass tube, suggesting possible strategies for improving electrode cyclability by coatings. In addition, a new in situ chemical lithiation method is introduced for fast screening of battery materials by conventional TEM. Evidently, in situ nanobattery experiments inside TEM are a powerful approach for advancing the fundamental understanding of electrochemical reactions and materials degradation and therefore pave the way toward rational design of high‐performance LIBs.
最长约 10秒,即可获得该文献文件

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
大幅提高文件上传限制,最高150M (2024-4-1)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
默_古月完成签到 ,获得积分10
3秒前
可靠月亮完成签到,获得积分10
6秒前
xrkxrk完成签到 ,获得积分10
10秒前
沙耶酱完成签到,获得积分10
12秒前
LSi奇完成签到 ,获得积分10
16秒前
糖果呖咕呖咕完成签到,获得积分10
17秒前
ken131完成签到 ,获得积分10
18秒前
允许发生完成签到 ,获得积分10
21秒前
常小敏完成签到 ,获得积分10
21秒前
秋之至完成签到,获得积分10
24秒前
喜悦的板凳完成签到 ,获得积分10
25秒前
文竹薄荷完成签到 ,获得积分10
26秒前
ccc完成签到,获得积分10
26秒前
踏雪飞鸿完成签到,获得积分10
27秒前
只想顺利毕业的科研狗完成签到,获得积分10
27秒前
xueshidaheng完成签到,获得积分10
29秒前
风中的老九完成签到,获得积分10
31秒前
Brief完成签到,获得积分10
31秒前
深情安青应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
33秒前
benben应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
33秒前
Jason完成签到 ,获得积分10
34秒前
duxh123完成签到 ,获得积分10
34秒前
秃然完成签到 ,获得积分10
45秒前
zhang005on完成签到,获得积分10
45秒前
陈曦完成签到,获得积分10
59秒前
Dr.Zheng完成签到 ,获得积分10
1分钟前
南风完成签到 ,获得积分10
1分钟前
浠苒完成签到 ,获得积分10
1分钟前
小学生完成签到,获得积分10
1分钟前
原点完成签到 ,获得积分10
1分钟前
困困困完成签到 ,获得积分10
1分钟前
廉洁完成签到,获得积分10
1分钟前
阡陌完成签到,获得积分10
1分钟前
单薄广山完成签到,获得积分10
2分钟前
123完成签到 ,获得积分10
2分钟前
肉肉完成签到 ,获得积分10
2分钟前
爱学习的小白完成签到 ,获得积分10
2分钟前
2分钟前
PV YTT完成签到,获得积分10
2分钟前
曾建完成签到 ,获得积分10
2分钟前
高分求助中
请在求助之前详细阅读求助说明!!!! 20000
Sphäroguß als Werkstoff für Behälter zur Beförderung, Zwischen- und Endlagerung radioaktiver Stoffe - Untersuchung zu alternativen Eignungsnachweisen: Zusammenfassender Abschlußbericht 1500
One Man Talking: Selected Essays of Shao Xunmei, 1929–1939 1000
Yuwu Song, Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China 700
[Lambert-Eaton syndrome without calcium channel autoantibodies] 520
The Three Stars Each: The Astrolabes and Related Texts 500
A radiographic standard of reference for the growing knee 400
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 有机化学 工程类 生物化学 纳米技术 物理 内科学 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 遗传学 基因 物理化学 催化作用 电极 光电子学 量子力学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 2468888
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 2136196
关于积分的说明 5442921
捐赠科研通 1860798
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 925473
版权声明 562694
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 495093