Lithium-ion BESS Integration for Smart Grid Applications - ECM Modelling Approach

Lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (BESS) with their present state of technology and economic maturity possess huge potential for catering short-term flexibility requirements in smart grid environment. However, it is essential to model in detail the complexity of non-linear battery system characteristics and control of their adjoining power electronic interfaces. More detailed and accurate modelling of components, enables improved overall power system optimization studies by considering both, component and system level aspects simultaneously. Therefore, this paper develops an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for Lithium-ion battery and Lithium-ion nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) battery cell is modelled as a second order equivalent circuit (SOEC), including C-rate, temperature, state-of-charge and age effects. Secondly, detailed controller design methodology for DC/DC- and DC/AC-converter interfaces are developed to enable advanced grid integration studies. Overall, BESS integration design was validated by simulation studies in Simulink Simpowersystems platform.