Highly elliptical core fiber with stress-induced birefringence for mode multiplexing

We report the polarization-maintaining properties of a highly elliptical core fiber surrounded by a trench that was designed to optimize the modal effective indices and bending loss for a total of five spatial modes (10 channels). In addition to the asymmetric core structure, the birefringence of the fiber is increased by the thermal stress introduced during the fabrication. The results show a modal birefringence larger than 10 − 4 for all guided spatial modes. The mode stability to bending is evaluated by selectively exciting/detecting each spatial mode while perturbing the fiber. This few-mode polarization-maintaining fiber is of interest for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-free mode division multiplexing transmission systems.