Progress of Biologics and Small Molecule Drugs in the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating, inflammatory skin disease that is challenging to treat. In recent years, biologic therapies and small-molecule drugs have been used to improve the treatment landscape of moderate-to-severe HS. Biologics, including anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents and interleukin inhibitors, target specific cytokines or cell-surface receptors involved in the immunopathogenesis of HS. These therapies have shown efficacy in reducing inflammation, pain, and the formation of abscesses and fistulas, as well as in improving patients' quality of life. Small-molecule drugs offer advantages such as oral administration, potentially different mechanisms of action, targeting of intracellular signaling pathways, and modulation of the immune response. Recent studies have focused on optimizing the use of these drugs, understanding their long-term effects, and exploring combination therapies. This review summarizes progress in the application of biologics and small-molecule drugs for the treatment of HS.